Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that can attack various organs, especially the lungs. TB disease is the biggest health problem in the world, after HIV so that should be dealt with seriously. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014, TB cases in Indonesia reach 1,000,000 cases and number of deaths due to TB estimated 110,000 cases each year.
TB disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis which is transmitted through the air from one person to another, usually through a splash of phlegm of someone who has contracted TB. When TB bacteria get into the body, then the bacteria is inactive for some time, before then causing the symptoms of TB.
The bacteria invade the lungs and cause the sufferer experiencing cough phlegm so continuously, usually for more than three weeks. Even sometimes, people with TB will also experience a bloody cough. People with TB will also tend to be quick to feel tired, loss of appetite, night sweats, and suffered a high fever.
Certain factors will also increase the risk of a person exposed to TB. Here are a number of risk factors to note:
A weak immune system
A weak immune system can cause someone with TB bacteria affected easily. Diseases such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, cancer, and kidney disease TB bacteria will make it easily invades the body.
Residence or work environment
Continuous contact with a person with TB will increase the chances of a person exposed to TB. If you know there are people with TB around the environment, put on a mask and wash hands as often as possible. People who work in hospitals, care homes, nursing homes or are likely to become infected with TB because of lack of ventilation, so the bacteria easily transmitted through the air.
Poverty and the use of hazardous substances
If someone lived in remote areas and dense population, then it will be susceptible to TB due to lack of space or clean air. Poverty is also synonymous with lack of access to medical care, so it will be difficult to diagnose and treat TB. Substance abuse is harmful in the long term such as alcohol or drugs will also weaken the immune system and make vulnerable people affected by TB.
Travel to/from countries with high TB rates. Risk of getting TB will be higher on those who live in or travel to the countries that have high rates of tuberculosis, such as Africa, India, China, Mexico, and the islands of Southeast Asia.
The Ministry of health, through the national TB Control Program along with the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION are working together to control TB by implementing the strategy of DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short course) which consists of five components, namely
- The Government's commitment to support the surveillance of tuberculosis,
- The discovery of microscopic examination of cases with sputum. It is usually performed on people who come to the health facilities with the complaints of the lungs and breathing,
- Perform a standard treatment for 6-8 months for all cases with positive sputum examination, then conducted surveillance of treatment directly,
- provision of anti tuberculosis medicines regularly, thorough, and timely.
- Record keeping and reporting the good, making it easier for assessment of treatment outcomes and evaluation of the program for tackling the TB.
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